Garden flowers

Delphinium

DelphiniumRanunculaceae
AT A GLANCE
Full sun Water: average H5down to −15 °C 1.2–2 m tall · 60–90 cm wide In a pot: yes
Flowering · UK
Flowering · Northern Italy
Flowering · Central Italy
Flowering · Southern Italy and islands

Protect emerging spring shoots from slugs from the moment they appear — young growth can disappear overnight otherwise.

Care

Light

Sheltered from strong wind.

Water

Standard border watering.

Soil

Fertile, free-draining, humus-rich soil; dislikes waterlogging over winter.

Pruning

Cut back flower spikes after flowering to encourage a possible smaller second flush; cut all growth to the ground in autumn.

Feeding

A hungry plant on good soil: a balanced feed with a thick mulch as growth starts, and a liquid feed after the first spikes are cut down to support the second flush. Feed the soil, not just the plant — the mulch also keeps the roots cool.

Propagation

Basal cuttings in early spring are the classic method: take shoots about 8cm tall with a sliver of the crown attached, choosing solid ones — a hollow shoot will rot rather than root. Division works, but delphiniums resent it.

Month by month

Months change with the climate: in southern Italy tomatoes go out two months earlier than in England.

  1. AprilStake early with canes or rings — tall spikes snap easily in wind. how ›
  2. MayFeed as flower spikes develop. how ›
  3. JulyCut back spent flower spikes for a possible second flush. how ›
  4. OctoberCut down to ground level once foliage has died back.

Months based on climate: UK. Your choice stays on this device.

  1. AprilStake early with canes or rings — tall spikes snap easily in wind. how ›
  2. MayFeed as flower spikes develop. how ›
  3. JulyCut back spent flower spikes for a possible second flush. how ›
  4. OctoberCut down to ground level once foliage has died back.

Months based on climate: Northern Italy. Your choice stays on this device.

  1. MarchStake early with canes or rings — tall spikes snap easily in wind. how ›
  2. AprilFeed as flower spikes develop. how ›
  3. JulyCut back spent flower spikes for a possible second flush. how ›
  4. OctoberCut down to ground level once foliage has died back.

Months based on climate: Central Italy. Your choice stays on this device.

  1. MarchStake early with canes or rings — tall spikes snap easily in wind. how ›
  2. AprilFeed as flower spikes develop. how ›
  3. JulyCut back spent flower spikes for a possible second flush. how ›
  4. NovemberCut down to ground level once foliage has died back.

Months based on climate: Southern Italy and islands. Your choice stays on this device.

Common problems

Slugs and snailsfull sheet ›

How to spot it. Can destroy young shoots overnight in spring.

What to do. Protect emerging growth — the single biggest threat to this genus.

Powdery mildewfull sheet ›

How to spot it. White coating.

What to do. Improve airflow.

Delphinium leaf miner

How to spot it. Tunnels in leaves.

What to do. Remove affected leaves.

Popular varieties

Delphinium ‘Black Knight’1.5–1.8 m × 60–75 cm · June–JulyJune–JulyMay–JulyMay–July
Delphinium ‘Magic Fountains’75–90 cm × 45 cm · June–JulyJune–JulyMay–JulyMay–July

Questions

Delphinium: is it hardy?

H5: Hardy in most of the UK, but can struggle in the coldest inland or upland spots. It survives down to −15 °C.

Can it grow in a pot?

Compact varieties in a large pot; tall types are happier in a border with wind shelter.

Delphinium: when do you prune it?

Cut back flower spikes after flowering to encourage a possible smaller second flush; cut all growth to the ground in autumn. In the calendar for UK, pruning falls in July.

Delphinium: when does it flower?

In the climate of UK it flowers in June–August.

When do you feed it?

A hungry plant on good soil: a balanced feed with a thick mulch as growth starts, and a liquid feed after the first spikes are cut down to support the second flush. Feed the soil, not just the plant — the mulch also keeps the roots cool. Feeding months, UK: March, June.