Shrubs, trees and climbers

Heath

EricaEricaceae
Also: Winter heath, Erica
AT A GLANCE
Full sun Water: little H6down to −20 °C 15–40 cm tall · 30–60 cm wide In a pot: yes
Flowering · UK
Flowering · Northern Italy
Flowering · Central Italy
Flowering · Southern Italy and islands

Trim lightly every year straight after flowering rather than letting it go and cutting back hard later — this genus resprouts poorly from old bare wood, so an annual light trim is what keeps it dense long-term rather than an occasional harder renovation.

Care

Light

Needs open, sunny conditions for the densest growth and best flowering; thin and sparse in shade.

Water

Reasonably drought-tolerant once established; the main watering risk is actually poor drainage rather than dryness.

Soil

Free-draining soil; most Erica species need acidic soil, but the popular winter-flowering carnea and x darleyensis types are unusually lime-tolerant for an ericaceous plant and will grow in neutral to mildly alkaline soil — check the specific species/cultivar before assuming acid soil is required.

Pruning

Trim over lightly with shears immediately after flowering, removing the spent flower spikes and shaping the plant, but avoid cutting back hard into old bare wood, which this genus won't reliably resprout from.

Feeding

An ericaceous feed in spring at most, and only on poor ground or in containers. Heathers evolved on impoverished acid soils and a rich diet gives lax growth and fewer flowers.

Propagation

Semi-ripe cuttings in summer, or mound-layering: heap ericaceous compost over the centre of an old plant, leave it a season, and lift the rooted shoots. The second method also rejuvenates a plant gone bare in the middle.

Month by month

Months change with the climate: in southern Italy tomatoes go out two months earlier than in England.

  1. JanuaryEnjoy the main winter-into-spring flowering display from carnea and x darleyensis types.
  2. AprilTrim over lightly with shears once flowering finishes, to keep growth dense and compact. how ›
  3. JuneFeed lightly if growth looks sparse; established plants in reasonable soil rarely need regular feeding. how ›

Months based on climate: UK. Your choice stays on this device.

  1. JanuaryEnjoy the main winter-into-spring flowering display from carnea and x darleyensis types.
  2. AprilTrim over lightly with shears once flowering finishes, to keep growth dense and compact. how ›
  3. JuneFeed lightly if growth looks sparse; established plants in reasonable soil rarely need regular feeding. how ›

Months based on climate: Northern Italy. Your choice stays on this device.

  1. JanuaryEnjoy the main winter-into-spring flowering display from carnea and x darleyensis types.
  2. MarchTrim over lightly with shears once flowering finishes, to keep growth dense and compact. how ›
  3. JuneFeed lightly if growth looks sparse; established plants in reasonable soil rarely need regular feeding. how ›

Months based on climate: Central Italy. Your choice stays on this device.

  1. JanuaryEnjoy the main winter-into-spring flowering display from carnea and x darleyensis types.
  2. MarchTrim over lightly with shears once flowering finishes, to keep growth dense and compact. how ›
  3. JuneFeed lightly if growth looks sparse; established plants in reasonable soil rarely need regular feeding. how ›

Months based on climate: Southern Italy and islands. Your choice stays on this device.

Common problems

Bare, woody, leggy growth

How to spot it. Gaps and bare stems in the centre or base of the plant.

What to do. Almost always from missed annual trimming, or from cutting back too hard into old wood — trim lightly every year straight after flowering rather than leaving it and then cutting hard, as this genus resprouts poorly from bare old wood.

Yellowing foliage in alkaline soil

How to spot it. Pale, yellowish leaves (chlorosis) on species needing acid soil.

What to do. Check the specific species — winter-flowering carnea/x darleyensis types tolerate some lime, but most other Erica species need genuinely acidic soil and will struggle and yellow in alkaline conditions; consider a container with ericaceous compost instead.

Root rot in heavy, waterlogged soil

How to spot it. Plant collapsing or dying back despite otherwise suitable conditions.

What to do. This genus needs sharp drainage above almost everything else — improve drainage before replanting, or grow in a raised bed or container if the native soil is heavy.

Questions

Heath: is it hardy?

H6: Hardy in the vast majority of UK gardens. It survives down to −20 °C.

Can it grow in a pot?

Does well in a container with ericaceous (acidic) compost, which is also the easiest way to grow acid-loving species in a garden with alkaline soil.

Heath: when do you prune it?

Trim over lightly with shears immediately after flowering, removing the spent flower spikes and shaping the plant, but avoid cutting back hard into old bare wood, which this genus won't reliably resprout from. In the calendar for UK, pruning falls in April.

Heath: when does it flower?

In the climate of UK it flowers in January–April.

When do you feed it?

An ericaceous feed in spring at most, and only on poor ground or in containers. Heathers evolved on impoverished acid soils and a rich diet gives lax growth and fewer flowers. Feeding months, UK: April.